VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP): is a Cisco proprietary protocol that propagates the definition of Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) to the neighboring L2 devices. To do this, VTP carries VLAN information…
Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP): Cisco Discovery Protocol is a proprietary Data Link Layer protocol developed by Cisco Systems. It is used to share information about other directly connected Cisco equipment,…
DHCP: DHCP Servers leases IP addresses to clients and offer a seamless user experience. DHCP Depends on 4 types of packets and uses UDP port 67/68 (UDP port number 67…
Cisco devices have two main shell modes, the user EXEC mode and the Privileage EXEC mode The user EXEC mode offers a very limited set of commands like ping, telnet,…
Every IP address is divided into a network portion and a host portion. The size of the network/host portions is defined by the subnet mask. Subnet Masks can only have…
The OSI model is a common model that is utilized to refer to the components with a networks and conceptualize them The model divides the network into 7 layers starting…
Every network starts with a switch, that connects a couple of devices and eventually a device that is being used as a default gateway that would enable external reachability. One…